Improving Students Attitude Towards Math, Reading, And School

The after school mentors will give students the opportunity to build a relationship with an adult who will serve as an advocate for them. They will also offer resources for improving academics as well as build on their self-esteem. These programs can change students attitude towards math, reading, and school in general. Kay Augustine explains, students are more likely to remain and achieve in school when they are perceived by people in school who care about them. (Augustine, 2014) According to the National Dropout Prevention Center, mentoring has been identified as one of the basic core strategies for dropout prevention and it has the power and influence to change the negative cycles of their mentees and families. (Effective Strategies)†¦show more content†¦Amanda Shelmire studied a school-within-a-school transitional program for ninth graders and what she found was that grades improved and students changed their perception of school while in the program. (Shelmire, 2011) Ho wever, once out of the program and in the traditional high school setting student’s long term grades did not continue to improve. This just shows the positive effects for students when placed in a school-within-a-school setting. Not to mention the low cost to develop a school-within-a-school. This is another example that at-risk students are very capable of success when given the right instruction and tools. Alternative schools are another approach to assisting kids in need of academic assistance. These institutions are very much like the school-within-a-school setting because of its minimal student body. It has a sense of community and has the ability to offer support and flexibility for its students. Alternative schools focus on the specific needs of its students as well as maintaining a challenging curriculum that meets all state and federal standards. By giving students more time to learn and practice academic concepts will help advance these students to a higher educational level. â€Å"Middle school is where at-risk students start to get off track† (Jones, 2011) and implementing an alternative school in the middle school grades is a way to prevent these students from dropping out of high school in the

Essay on Brown Vs. Board of Education - 1458 Words

Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press (U.S. Constitution). Throughout the ages, censorship has shown up in various forms ranging from printed works to television and the Internet. It can have the positive effect of protecting children from things they are too immature to view, but it can also have negative effects. Censorship may even suppress new and different ideas, keeping them from being made public. It may also set limitations, which stifle the creativity of authors and prevent them from thoroughly expressing their ideas. However it states the government should not censor the people of this country. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury the people in the town of Phoenix were censored.†¦show more content†¦They felt that the use of such an insulting word is harmful to the self-esteem of young African-American children. However the NAACP are not the only ones pushing for the banning of this book. A small group of parents h ave protested the book for the same purposes (Grossman). Another novel The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was banned in Michigan because it portrayed a negative image of Jews. However other novels of Shakespeare were challenged also because parents and officials thought that some characters depict a homosexual image (Ockerbloom). Although these books were banned it did not stop the inevitable. People will continue thinking about what is actually happening in the world and what is the government doing and are they hiding anything from the people. Censorship has happened everywhere and happens everyday especially inside schools. In city schools there have been conflicts over what students should or should not learn. Censors decide that they should protect students from materials and activities that are upsetting and issue the wrong ideas. These ideas are said to weaken parental authority; challenge students political moral, or religious views; or brainwash them into other ways of thinking (Sherrow10). By protecting them they mean targeting academics. Courses that deal with drug prevention, sex education, development of character, orShow MoreRelatedBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesbring on change. Brown vs Board of education is one case that still has great significance in history. Not only did it have a huge effect on segregation, but America as well would not be the same. My surroundings would totally change if this case had not been established. Brandon would not be my best friend, and sadly without the desegregation in schools we would have never crossed paths. Oliver Brown stood as the representative plaintiff in the case Brown vs. Borad of Education. He felt so strongRead MoreBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesbring about change. Brown vs Board of education is one case that still has great significance in history. Not only did it have a huge effect on segregation, but America as well would not be the same. My surroundings would totally change if this case had not been established. Brandon would not be my best friend, and sadly without the desegregation in schools, we would have never crossed paths. Oliver Brown stood as the representative plaintiff in the case Brown vs. Borad of Education. He felt so strongRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education1143 Words   |  5 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education (1954) was a landmark Supreme Court Case that overturned the separate but equal ideology established by the earlier Supreme Court Case Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896). The Plessy vs. Ferguson court case had a profound affect on the social interaction of racial groups in the late 19th to early 20th century causing tension between the two most prominent races within the United States, the Caucasians and the African Americans, which included Hispanics and other non-white citizensRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether à ¢â‚¬Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education878 Words   |  4 Pages Brown vs. Board of Education Is our nation becoming segregated again in light of the recent current events? When you turned on your television last week, did you get a sense of remorse for both the black community as well as the law enforcement community? Our nation is facing many obstacles today regarding equal rights for all. Recently, I have read an essay released in a magazine called, The American School Board Journal, titled â€Å"The Ruling that Changed America† by Juan Williams which he alsoRead MoreThe Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education was a remarkable set of five cases that paved the way for desegregation in schools and eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act being passed. These cases however weren’t the only catalysts that forced the Supreme Court to question the wording of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and neither were they the only pivotal cases that changed the way America as a whole looked at the black commu nity and how to interact with them. The Plessy vs Ferguson case wasRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education2484 Words   |  10 PagesBrown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. Brown vRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education2169 Words   |  9 PagesKirisitina Maui’a HIS 303 Brown vs. Board of Education Mr. Mohammad Khatibloo November 1, 2010 Brown v. Board of Education â€Å"To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone† by Chief Justice Earl Warren, Majority Opinion. Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to a bus stop by walking throughRead MoreThe Brown Vs. Board Of Education Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthen results in unfair education opportunities. Many residents of Charlotte NC are unaware of this, or feel they have no voice. It is however the law for students to receive equal education, and North Carolina has a No Child left Behind Act that is clearly not in full effect in CMS, which will eventually force CMS supervisors to start playing a role in how their schools will not fall short of making their students successful. Background The Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 ruledRead MoreEssay on Brown vs. Board of Education786 Words   |  4 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education Although slavery was finally ended at the end of the nineteenth century black people found themselves still in the process of fighting. What they had to fight for was their own rights. The Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the civil war brought about literal freedom but the beliefs and attitudes of whites, especially in the south kept the black people repressed. In this paper I would like to share the research that I found that helped to launch the fight

The Rise of Antibiotics Free Essays

string(46) " increase in reported infections are diverse\." The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections by_ Ricki Lewis, Ph. D. _ When penicillin became widely available during the second world war, it was a medical miracle, rapidly vanquishing the biggest wartime killer–infected wounds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Antibiotics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discovered initially by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne, in 1896, and then rediscovered by Scottish physician Alexander Fleming in 1928, the product of the soil mold Penicillium crippled many types of disease-causing bacteria. But just four years after drug companies began mass-producing penicillin in 1943, microbes began appearing that could resist it. The first bug to battle penicillin was Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is often a harmless passenger in the human body, but it can cause illness, such as pneumonia or toxic shock syndrome, when it overgrows or produces a toxin. In 1967, another type of penicillin-resistant pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and called pneumococcus, surfaced in a remote village in Papua New Guinea. At about the same time, American military personnel in southeast Asia were acquiring penicillin-resistant gonorrhea from prostitutes. By 1976, when the soldiers had come home, they brought the new strain of gonorrhea with them, and physicians had to find new drugs to treat it. In 1983, a hospital-acquired intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Enterococcus faecium joined the list of bugs that outwit penicillin. Antibiotic resistance spreads fast. Between 1979 and 1987, for example, only 0. 02 percent of pneumococcus strains infecting a large number of patients surveyed by the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were penicillin-resistant. CDC’s survey included 13 hospitals in 12 states. Today, 6. 6 percent of pneumococcus strains are resistant, according to a report in the June 15, 1994, Journal of the American Medical Association by Robert F. Breiman, M. D. , and colleagues at CDC. The agency also reports that in 1992, 13,300 hospital patients died of bacterial infections that were resistant to antibiotic treatment. Why has this happened? â€Å"There was complacency in the 1980s. The perception was that we had licked the bacterial infection problem. Drug companies weren’t working on new agents. They were concentrating on other areas, such as viral infections,† says Michael Blum, M. D. , medical officer in the Food and Drug Administration’s division of anti-infective drug products. â€Å"In the meantime, resistance increased to a number of commonly used antibiotics, possibly related to overuse of antibiotics. In the 1990s, we’ve come to a point for certain infections that we don’t have agents available. † According to a report in the April 28, 1994, New England Journal of Medicine, researchers have identified bacteria in patient samples that resist all currently available antibiotic drugs. Survival of the Fittest The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. Any population of organisms, bacteria included, naturally includes variants with unusual traits–in this case, the ability to withstand an antibiotic’s attack on a microbe. When a person takes an antibiotic, the drug kills the defenseless bacteria, leaving behind–or â€Å"selecting,† in biological terms–those that can resist it. These renegade bacteria then multiply, increasing their numbers a millionfold in a day, becoming the predominant microorganism. The antibiotic does not technically cause the resistance, but allows it to happen by creating a situation where an already existing variant can flourish. â€Å"Whenever antibiotics are used, there is selective pressure for resistance to occur. It builds upon itself. More and more organisms develop resistance to more and more drugs,† says Joe Cranston, Ph. D. , director of the department of drug policy and standards at the American Medical Association in Chicago. A patient can develop a drug-resistant infection either by contracting a resistant bug to begin with, or by having a resistant microbe emerge in the body once antibiotic treatment begins. Drug-resistant infections increase risk of death, and are often associated with prolonged hospital stays, and sometimes complications. These might necessitate removing part of a ravaged lung, or replacing a damaged heart valve. Bacterial Weaponry Disease-causing microbes thwart antibiotics by interfering with their mechanism of action. For example, penicillin kills bacteria by attaching to their cell walls, then destroying a key part of the wall. The wall falls apart, and the bacterium dies. Resistant microbes, however, either alter their cell walls so penicillin can’t bind or produce enzymes that dismantle the antibiotic. In another scenario, erythromycin attacks ribosomes, structures within a cell that enable it to make proteins. Resistant bacteria have slightly altered ribosomes to which the drug cannot bind. The ribosomal route is also how bacteria become resistant to the antibiotics tetracycline, streptomycin and gentamicin. How Antibiotic Resistance Happens Antibiotic resistance results from gene action. Bacteria acquire genes conferring resistance in any of three ways. In spontaneous DNA mutation, bacterial DNA (genetic material) may mutate (change) spontaneously (indicated by starburst). Drug-resistant tuberculosis arises this way. In a form of microbial sex called transformation, one bacterium may take up DNA from another bacterium. Pencillin-resistant gonorrhea results from transformation. Most frightening, however, is resistance acquired from a small circle of DNA called a plasmid, that can flit from one type of bacterium to another. A single plasmid can provide a slew of different resistances. In 1968, 12,500 people in Guatemala died in an epidemic of Shigella diarrhea. The microbe harbored a plasmid carrying resistances to four antibiotics! A Vicious Cycle: More Infections and Antibiotic Overuse Though bacterial antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon, societal factors also contribute to the problem. These factors include increased infection transmission, coupled with inappropriate antibiotic use. More people are contracting infections. Sinusitis among adults is on the rise, as are ear infections in children. A report by CDC’s Linda F. McCaig and James M. Hughes, M. D. , in the Jan. 18, 1995, Journal of the American Medical Association, tracks antibiotic use in treating common illnesses. The report cites nearly 6 million antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis in 1985, and nearly 13 million in 1992. Similarly, for middle ear infections, the numbers are 15 million prescriptions in 1985, and 23. 6 million in 1992. Causes for the increase in reported infections are diverse. You read "The Rise of Antibiotics" in category "Papers" Some studies correlate the doubling in doctor’s office visits for ear infections for preschoolers between 1975 and 1990 to increased use of day-care facilities. Homelessness contributes to the spread of infection. Ironically, advances in modern medicine have made more people predisposed to infection. People on chemotherapy and transplant recipients taking drugs to suppress their immune function are at greater risk of infection. â€Å"There are the number of immunocompromised patients, who wouldn’t have survived in earlier times,† says Cranston. â€Å"Radical procedures produce patients who are in difficult shape in the hospital, and are prone to nosocomial [hospital-acquired] infections. Also, the general aging of patients who live longer, get sicker, and die slower contributes to the problem,† he adds. Though some people clearly need to be treated with antibiotics, many experts are concerned about the inappropriate use of these powerful drugs. â€Å"Many consumers have an expectation that when they’re ill, antibiotics are the answer. They put pressure on the physician to prescribe them. Most of the time the illness is viral, and antibiotics are not the answer. This large burden of antibiotics is certainly selecting resistant bacteria,† says Blum. Another much-publicized concern is use of antibiotics in livestock, where the drugs are used in well animals to prevent disease, and the animals are later slaughtered for food. â€Å"If an animal gets a bacterial infection, growth is slowed and it doesn’t put on weight as fast,† says Joe Madden, Ph. D. , strategic manager of microbiology at FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. In addition, antibiotics are sometimes administered at low levels in feed for long durations to increase the rate of weight gain and improve the efficiency of converting animal feed to units of animal production. FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine limits the amount of antibiotic residue in poultry and other meats, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture monitors meats for drug residues. According to Margaret Miller, Ph. D. , deputy division director at the Center for Veterinary Medicine, the residue limits for antimicrobial animal drugs are set low enough to ensure that the residues themselves do not select resistant bacteria in (human) gut flora. FDA is investigating whether bacteria resistant to quinolone antibiotics can emerge in food animals and cause disease in humans. Although thorough cooking sharply reduces the likelihood of antibiotic-resistant bacteria surviving in a meat meal to infect a human, it could happen. Pathogens resistant to drugs other than fluoroquinolones have sporadically been reported to survive in a meat meal to infect a human. In 1983, for example, 18 people in four midwestern states developed multi-drug-resistant Salmonella food poisoning after eating beef from cows fed antibiotics. Eleven of the people were hospitalized, and one died. A study conducted by Alain Cometta, M. D. , and his colleagues at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois in Lausanne, Switzerland, and reported in the April 28, 1994, New England Journal of Medicine, showed that increase in antibiotic resistance parallels increase in antibiotic use in humans. They examined a large group of cancer patients given antibiotics called fluoroquinolones to prevent infection. The patients’ white blood cell counts were very low as a result of their cancer treatment, leaving them open to infection. Between 1983 and 1993, the percentage of such patients receiving antibiotics rose from 1. 4 to 45. During those years, the researchers isolated Escherichia coli bacteria annually from the patients, and tested the microbes for resistance to five types of fluoroquinolones. Between 1983 and 1990, all 92 E. coli strains tested were easily killed by the antibiotics. But from 1991 to 1993, 11 of 40 tested strains (28 percent) were resistant to all five drugs. Towards Solving the Problem Antibiotic resistance is inevitable, say scientists, but there are measures we can take to slow it. Efforts are under way on several fronts–improving infection control, developing new antibiotics, and using drugs more appropriately. Barbara E. Murray, M. D. , of the University of Texas Medical School at Houston writes in the April 28, 1994, New England Journal of Medicine that simple improvements in public health measures can go a long way towards preventing infection. Such approaches include more frequent hand washing by health-care workers, quick identification and isolation of patients with drug-resistant infections, and improving sewage systems and water purity in developing nations. Drug manufacturers are once again becoming interested in developing new antibiotics. These efforts have been spurred both by the appearance of new bacterial illnesses, such as Lyme disease and Legionnaire’s disease, and resurgences of old foes, such as tuberculosis, due to drug resistance. FDA is doing all it can to speed development and availability of new antibiotic drugs. â€Å"We can’t identify new agents–that’s the job of the pharmaceutical industry. But once they have identified a promising new drug for resistant infections, what we can do is to meet with the company very early and help design the development plan and clinical trials,† says Blum. In addition, drugs in development can be used for patients with multi-drug-resistant infections on an â€Å"emergency IND (compassionate use)† basis, if the physician requests this of FDA, Blum adds. This is done for people with AIDS or cancer, for example. No one really has a good idea of the extent of antibiotic resistance, because it hasn’t been monitored in a coordinated fashion. â€Å"Each hospital monitors its own resistance, but there is no good national system to test for antibiotic resistance,† says Blum. This may soon change. CDC is encouraging local health officials to track resistance data, and the World Health Organization has initiated a global computer database for physicians to report outbreaks of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Experts agree that antibiotics should be restricted to patients who can truly benefit from them–that is, people with bacterial infections. Already this is being done in the hospital setting, where the routine use of antibiotics to prevent infection in certain surgical patients is being reexamined. We have known since way back in the antibiotic era that these drugs have been used inappropriately in surgical prophylaxis [preventing infections in surgical patients]. But there is more success [in limiting antibiotic use] in hospital settings, where guidelines are established, than in the more typical outpatient settings,† says Cranston. Murray points out an example of antibiotic prophylaxis in the outpatient setting–children with recurrent ear infections given extended antibiotic prescriptions to prevent future infections. (See â€Å"Protecting Little Pitchers’ Ears† in the December 1994 FDA Consumer. Another problem with antibiotic use is that patients often stop taking the drug too soon, because symptoms improve. However, this merely encourages resistant microbes to proliferate. The infection returns a few weeks later, and this time a different drug must be used to treat it. Targeting TB Stephen Weis and colleagues at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth reported in the April 28, 1994, New England Journal of Medicine on research they conducted in Tarrant County, Texas, that vividly illustrates how helping patients to take the full course of their medication can actually lower resistance rates. The subject–tuberculosis. TB is an infection that has experienced spectacular ups and downs. Drugs were developed to treat it, complacency set in that it was beaten, and the disease resurged because patients stopped their medication too soon and infected others. Today, one in seven new TB cases is resistant to the two drugs most commonly used to treat it (isoniazid and rifampin), and 5 percent of these patients die. In the Texas study, 407 patients from 1980 to 1986 were allowed to take their medication on their own. From 1986 until the end of 1992, 581 patients were closely followed, with nurses observing them take their pills. By the end of the study, the relapse rate–which reflects antibiotic resistance–fell from 20. 9 to 5. 5 percent. This trend is especially significant, the researchers note, because it occurred as risk factors for spreading TB–including AIDS, intravenous drug use, and homelessness–were increasing. The conclusion: Resistance can be slowed if patients take medications correctly. Narrowing the Spectrum Appropriate prescribing also means that physicians use â€Å"narrow spectrum† antibiotics–those that target only a few bacterial types–whenever possible, so that resistances can be restricted. The only national survey of antibiotic prescribing practices of office physicians, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, finds that the number of prescriptions has not risen appreciably from 1980 to 1992, but there has been a shift to using costlier, broader spectrum agents. This prescribing trend heightens the resistance problem, write McCaig and Hughes, because more diverse bacteria are being exposed to antibiotics. One way FDA can help physicians choose narrower spectrum antibiotics is to ensure that labeling keeps up with evolving bacterial resistances. Blum hopes that the surveillance information on emerging antibiotic resistances from CDC will enable FDA to require that product labels be updated with the most current surveillance information. Many of us have come to take antibiotics for granted. A child develops strep throat or an ear infection, and soon a bottle of â€Å"pink medicine† makes everything better. An adult suffers a sinus headache, and antibiotic pills quickly control it. But infections can and do still kill. Because of a complex combination of factors, serious infections may be on the rise. While awaiting the next â€Å"wonder drug,† we must appreciate, and use correctly, the ones that we already have. {draw:rect} Big Difference If this bacterium could be shown four times bigger, it would be the right relative size to the virus beneath it. Both are microscopic and are shown many times larger than life. ) Although bacteria are single-celled organisms, viruses are far simpler, consisting of one type of biochemical (a nucleic acid, such as DNA or RNA) wrapped in another (protein). Most biologists do not consider viruses to be living things, but instead, infectious particles. Antibiotic drugs attack bacteria, not viruses. {draw:rect} *The Greatest Fe ar–Vancomycin* Resistance When microbes began resisting penicillin, medical researchers fought back with chemical cousins, such as methicillin and oxacillin. By 1953, the antibiotic armamentarium included chloramphenicol, neomycin, terramycin, tetracycline, and cephalosporins. But today, researchers fear that we may be nearing an end to the seemingly endless flow of antimicrobial drugs. At the center of current concern is the antibiotic vancomycin, which for many infections is literally the drug of â€Å"last resort,† says Michael Blum, M. D. , medical officer in FDA’s division of anti-infective drug products. Some hospital-acquired staph infections are resistant to all antibiotics except vancomycin. Now vancomycin resistance has turned up in another common hospital bug, enterococcus. And since bacteria swap resistance genes like teenagers swap T-shirts, it is only a matter of time, many microbiologists believe, until vancomycin-resistant staph infections appear. â€Å"Staph aureus may pick up vancomycin resistance from enterococci, which are found in the normal human gut,† says Madden. And the speed with which vancomycin resistance has spread through enterococci has prompted researchers to use the word â€Å"crisis† when discussing the possibility of vancomycin-resistant staph. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were first reported in England and France in 1987, and appeared in one New York City hospital in 1989. By 1991, 38 hospitals in the United States reported the bug. By 1993, 14 percent of patients with enterococcus in intensive-care units in some hospitals had vancomycin-resistant strains, a 20-fold increase from 1987. A frightening report came in 1992, when a British researcher observed a transfer of a vancomycin-resistant gene from enterococcus to Staph aureus in the laboratory. Alarmed, the researcher immediately destroyed the bacteria. Ricki_ Lewis is a geneticist and textbook author. _ {draw:rect} FDA Consumer magazine (September 1995) How to cite The Rise of Antibiotics, Papers

Competitor Analysis of the Aston Martin-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about theb Competitor analysis of the Aston Martin by Hackett jacket. Answer: Steps in writing a marketing plan There are two main aspects in formulating a marketing plan firstly addressing the competitive and rivalry market place and secondly support and execution of the day to day operations of a business organization. Be it a small scale operation or large scale luxury brand the completion in the market is huge and there is constant pressure on the business to formulate and effectively implement strategies that are unique in order to outdo the competition in the market. In the process of planning marketing strategies it is important to not only come up with tactics but also to execute them in a fashion that will yield maximum performance for the brand. This requires a set methodology and organization procedure. Marketing plan should begin with an overall objective of the business enterprise. Every aspect in a marketing plan is important in order to effectively implement it. Marketing strategy on the basis of the objective of the organization can be broadly categorized in three phases a cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and a focused strategy. According to the traditional concept there are 4Ps to a marketing mix namely: product, price, place and promotion. These four variables if implemented correctly give the maximum return to the company. Before starting production of the idea a company has it has to fix these aspects and work towards it (Huang Sarigll, 2014). SWOT Analysis This is the acronym for strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. This analysis is carried out for any business organization in order to understand and critically analyze the position of the company in the market. It provides a platform that helps the company to build the marketing plan on. Strength and weakness is the internal factors that can be controlled by the organization whereas the opportunity and threat are the external factors which are not under the control of the management of the organization. SWOT analyses for Aston Martin by Hackett fashion wear are as follows: Strength: The biggest strength of the collaboration is the names of the brand that are associated with the product. Both the company have goodwill among the end customers as well as in the industry for high quality performance and style. It is a luxury item and is bound to be pricy but the fact that they are form a renowned luxury brand only emphasises on the fact that the quality and the build of the products will be top notch and best quality. Style and design of the fashion wear form this collaboration is trendy and contemporary yet has a classic touch of elegance that men of taste prefer. The collection is limited edition which increases it exclusivity and value. Weakness: first and foremost the brand does not cater to everyone; it caters to the niche target market that is interested in investing in an expensive jacket. The price is extremely steep and the product availability is also low as it is only available in some exclusive stores. The products are available online but customers who will buy an expensive jacket would at least like to observe and feel the material before purchasing it online (Xiang et al., 2015). Opportunities: The people of Australia are fashion conscious and are constantly updating themselves with trends and style. The Australian market has a good opportunity as British Brands are associated with good reputation and a marker of class. As the company has means and monetary support to expand, the company should focus on expanding the distribution and availability of the item. Threat: fashion and automobile industry are a combination that has been collaborating for a long time Ducati and Lexus have their own lifestyle brands. Fiat has collaboration with Gucci which is one of the biggest threats to the collaboration. Ferrari also has a clothing line of the brand itself, which is also not as highly priced as the jacket from the Aston Martin and Hackettcollaboration. There is constant need of upgrade and continuous change in the preference in lifestyle and fashion among the people of Australia. This is a significant threat as the life cycle of fad items are short lived in the fashion industry or is quickly replaced by other companies. Another very evident threat to the luxury industry and the fashion industry is the availability of fake products which look and feel identical but is available at almost less than half the price of the original. This is not only for this particular item this is true to all luxury fashion goods the fake market is fooled with prod ucts which are total rip off of the original item Satit et al. 2012). Competitor Analysis Company name Hackett Reiss Moschino Lacoste USP Have a masculine classic approach to the style More on the casual and easy style Trendy, quirky, colorful design Is associated with integrity and class Pricing Premium Value based pricing Economy pricing Pricing for Market Penetration Premium Value based pricing Distribution Retail and online Retail and online Retail and online Retail and online Mission The brands that are associated with the fashion item both have its own different mission and vision statement. One is an automobile company that has a reputable history and is synonymous to fashion and style. Aston martin is a brand that is identified by anyone who is interested in automobiles. Aston Martin is luxury sport cars that have a classic and traditional edge to the trendy vibe of the design it is a perfect amalgamation. Whereas Hackett is a fashion brand that has been known for its classic taste and luxurious premium quality material. The relationship in between the two brands, Hacketts and Aston Martin stretches back many years. Developing the relation on the basis of strong foundation, the companies now offer the Aston Martin by Hackett collection that has a wide array of luxurious clothing that reflects the coming together of two stylish brands. The mission of the collaboration is to offer chic classy style to the customers reflecting the style of the car company along with the classic essence of the clothing line. The collaboration is set to offer sharp masculine cuts and shapes in mature and classic color variants (CAPSULE COLLECTION, 2017) Marketing objectives Marketing is a communication tool of a company with the stakeholders. It is used to promote products and services, announce new launches get feedback. Marketing also deals other aspects that are prevalent in the industry that affect the business operations. The three marketing objectives of the company are: To launch a new collaboration and product line To increase the brand loyalty and awareness To target new potential customers Financial objectives In simple words revenue and cost are the two aspects of finances of a company. For a company to run on a daily basis it needs working capital. For a luxury brand like Hackett and Aston Martin financial objective is much more than just day to day business of the organization: To maximize the value of the company To ensure optimum return on investment To increase the wealth of the company The above set objectives are for the first six month s of the product launch (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Marketing mix Product: the collaboration in between the two brands fulfils the quality, design and brand requirement for the winter wear. The product is made of premium quality material that is not only breathable but also chic and classy style. Price: The customer will purchase a limited edition fashion item keeping in mind that it will be on the pricy end. The product range has a range of price tags along with sale and discount offers on regular basis. Promotion: this is where the communication process takes place. For a collaboration that aims for the modern and fashionable men Social Media will be the best approach for marketing the item. Along with that public relation will be also given priority as customer satisfaction is the first as it is one of the most reliable methods to reach to the target market. Both audio visual advertising will be engaged in various medium. Digital marketing is the latest and one of the most effective forms of marketing that has been developed with the advancement of technology in the mobile devices and decreased rate of internet. Digital marketing deals with communication in between the company and the end customers. Digital marketing has made feedback process easy and smooth. Facebook: A Facebook page for promotional purposes is very essential in digital media; Facebook also allows advertising which is very effective as people of interest are the only ones who can view these ads. Feedback of the response in this entire social media platform is very smooth and effective. Instagram is now a part of Facebook and is very popular among the celebrities and the young adults who are the main target of the brand (Shahhosseini Ardahaey, 2011. Youtube: The Company can send PR packages to influential lifestyle youtubers so that they can talk about the good and bad about the collection to the followers. Twitter: twitter is a medium of communication and direct feedback hash tag campaigns can be implemented in order to create brand awareness and to check the response of the target market (Ryan, 2016). Place: the collection of the collaboration will be available in all exclusive Hackett retail stores in Australia as well as in the web store of the organisation (Belch et al., 2014 Implementation of the marketing Action plan In order to achieve the aforementioned marketing and financial objectives the company has to follow a plan of action. To launch a new collaboration and product line A press conference can be arranged in order to announce the new launch, the press coverage will give the collaboration recognition and will spread the awareness after the media has covered the event. Lifestyle Journalists can be requested to write about the collaboration and what are their expectations as well as the first impression by just looking at the collection. To increase the brand loyalty The loyal customers can be offered a special discount or special gift along with the purchase of the item. To target new potential customers As discussed earlier social media and digital marketing will be the focus of marketing in order to create new customer base. To maximize the value of the company As a luxury brand the company has to focus on creation of value to keep up the goodwill and the reputation of the company. The company can collaborate with renowned people to try the collection and photographs can be posted social media, this will enhance and add to the value of the brand. To ensure optimum return on investment The company can change the pricing strategy. To increase the wealth of the company Expansion in Australian market will ensure increase in wealth; it will also make the distribution of product easy and convenient for the potential customers (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Reference list: ASTON MARTIN BY HACKETT. (2017).astonmartin.com. Retrieved 2 October 2017, from https://www.astonmartin.com/en/live/news/2016/08/11/luxury-capsule-collection-aston-martin-by-hackett-released-in-celebration-of-new-partnership Belch, George, Belch, Michael. (2014). The role of New and Traditional Media in the Rapidly Changing Marketing Communications Environment.International Journal of Strategic Innovative Marketing,International Journal of Strategic Innovative Marketing, 12/10/2114. CAPSULE COLLECTION. (2017).hackett.com. Retrieved 2 October 2017, from https://www.hackett.com/gb/men/collection/aston-martin/aston-martin-by-hackett Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Ryan, D. (2016).Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Satit, R. P., Tat, H. H., Rasli, A., Chin, T. A., Sukati, I. (2012). The relationship between marketing mix and customer decision-making over travel agents: An empirical study.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,2(6), 522. Shahhosseini, A., Ardahaey, F. T. (2011). Marketing mix practices in the cultural industry.International Journal of Business and Management,6(8), 230. Xiang, F., Harrison, S., Nowak, M., Kimlin, M., Van Der Mei, I., Neale, R., . . . Lucas, R. (2015). Weekend personal ultraviolet radiation exposure in four cities in Australia: Influence of temperature, humidity and ambient ultraviolet radiation.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology,143, 74-81.